Laser acupuncture to reduce temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms: systematic review and meta-analysis.

The application of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) to acupuncture points may produce effects similar to that of needle stimulation in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). This systematic review was conducted according to the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines and aimed to address clinical questions using the following strategy: Patient/Problem, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO). A comprehensive literature search was performed upto April 26, 2023, across nine electronic databases (BVS, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), and Google Scholar) supplemented with gray literature. The risk of bias in randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials was assessed using two tools: risk-of-bias (RoB) 2 and Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies-of Interventions (ROBINS-I). Meta-analysis involved the extraction of mean and standard deviation values for spontaneous pain and mouth opening levels. Seven studies were included in this review, all of which used LLLT. The applied wavelengths ranged from 690 to 810 nm without significant variations in light emission patterns. LLLT demonstrated a significant reduction in instantaneous pain levels (standard mean difference [SMD] = 3.85; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.09, 5.62; p < 0.003) and an improvement in instantaneous mouth opening ability (mean difference [SMD] = -7.15; 95% CI = -11.73, -2.58; p < 0.002), with low certainty of evidence. LLLT may alleviate symptoms in patients with TMD; however, caution should be exercised when interpreting the results because of protocol variations among studies and the limited number of studies included in the meta-analysis.

Effect of tribocorrosion on surface-treated titanium alloy implants: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the results of tribocorrosion in titanium alloys of dental implants submitted to surface treatment with those whose treatment was not performed. An electronic search was carried out on the MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Virtual Health Library and Scopus databases. The search strategy used was PECO: Participants (P): titanium alloys; Exposure (E): surface treatment; Comparison (C): absence of surface treatment; and Result/Outcome (O): tribocorrosion. The search found a total of 336 articles, where 27 was selected by title or abstract, resulted to 10 after reading in full. The treatments that formed the rutile layer had better tribological results and therefore better protected the material from mechanical and chemical degradation, contrary to the technique with the addition of nanotubes. It was concluded that the surface treatment proves to be efficient to protect metals from mechanical and chemical wear.

Composite resin reinforced with silk nanoparticles from Bombyx mori cocoon for dental applications.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the mechanical performance of Z350 resin composite modified with Bombyx mori cocoons silk nanoparticles for dental applications. Four experimental groups were analyzed G0% = Filtek Z350 resin composite (control); G1% = Filtek Z350 with 1% of silk nanoparticles; G3% = Filtek Z350 with 3% of silk nanoparticles; G5% = Filtek Z350 with 5% of silk nanoparticles. It was employed scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, 3-point flexural strength test, Knoop hardness test, and surface roughness. From 3-point flexural strength tests the control group presented the best results G0% = 113.33 MPa (±23.73). The higher flexural modulus was shown by groups G3% = 29.150 GPa (±5.191) and G5% = 34.101 GPa (±7.940), which are statistically similar. The Knoop microhardness test has shown statistical difference only among the G3% group between the top 80.78 (± 3.00) and bottom 68.80 (±3.62) and no difference between the groups. The roughness test presented no statistical difference between the groups. The incorporation of silk nanoparticles reduced the flexural strength of Z350 resin composite. The surface roughness and microhardness tests showed no changes in any of the groups studied.

Composite resin reinforced with silk nanoparticles from Bombyx mori cocoon for dental applications

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the mechanical performance of Z350 resin composite modified with Bombyx mori cocoons silk nanoparticles for dental applications. Four experimental groups were analyzed G0% = Filtek Z350 resin composite (control); G1% = Filtek Z350 with 1% of silk nanoparticles; G3% = Filtek Z350 with 3% of silk nanoparticles; G5% = Filtek Z350 with 5% of silk nanoparticles. It was employed scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, 3-point flexural strength test, Knoop hardness test, and surface roughness. From 3-point flexural strength tests the control group presented the best results G0% = 113.33 MPa (±23.73). The higher flexural modulus was shown by groups G3% = 29.150 GPa (±5.191) and G5% = 34.101 GPa (±7.940), which are statistically similar. The Knoop microhardness test has shown statistical difference only among the G3% group between the top 80.78 (± 3.00) and bottom 68.80 (±3.62) and no difference between the groups. The roughness test presented no statistical difference between the groups. The incorporation of silk nanoparticles reduced the flexural strength of Z350 resin composite. The surface roughness and microhardness tests showed no changes in any of the groups studied.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho mecânico da resina composta Z350 modificada com nanopartículas de seda Bombyx mori cocoons para aplicações odontológicas. Quatro grupos experimentais foram analisados: G0%) Resina Z350 apenas (grupo controle); G1%) Reforço com 1% de nanopartículas de seda; G3%) Reforço com 3% de nanopartículas de seda; e G5%) Reforço com 5% de nanopartículas de seda. Foi empregado microscopia eletrônica de varredura, espectroscopia de energia dispersiva de raios X, difração de raios X, teste de resistência à flexão de 3 pontos, teste de dureza Knoop e rugosidade superficial. Nos testes de resistência à flexão de 3 pontos o grupo controle apresentou melhores resultados G0% = 0.113 GPa (±0.024). O maior módulo de flexão foi demonstrado pelos grupos G3% = 29.151GPa (±5.191) e G5% = 34.102 GPa (±7.94), que são estatisticamente semelhantes. O teste de microdureza Knoop mostrou diferença estatística apenas entre o grupo G3% entre os 80.78 superiores (± 3.00) e os 68.80 inferiores (±3.62). Não há diferença entre os grupos. O teste de rugosidade não apresentou diferença estatística entre os grupos. A incorporação de nanopartículas de seda reduziu a resistência à flexão da resina composta Z350. Os testes de rugosidade superficial e microdureza não apresentaram alterações em nenhum dos grupos estudados.

Effect of Acupressure on Dental Anxiety in Children: a Pilot Study for a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Anxiety is an important problem in children in dental clinics. Acupressure may be a useful tool to assist in dental procedures in anxious children. Objectives: This pilot study was performed to examine the effects of acupressure on dental anxiety in children undergoing restorative procedures. Methods: Fourteen children aged 7-10 years and with at least one primary molar with caries on the dentine were included in the study. The participants also needed to score at least one point on the modified Venham Picture Test (VPTm) for the determination of anxiety. The children were randomly allocated to two groups: group A - non-documented points for the reduction of anxiety and induction of relaxation; group B - documented points (EX-HN3, Shen Men of auricular acupuncture). The anxiety scale was administered on three occasions: prior to the application of acupressure; immediately after sitting in the dental chair to undergo restorative treatment; and after removal of acupressure at the end of the restorative procedure. Heart rate (HR) was measured when each child sat in the dental chair, after the removal of carious tissue, and after the removal of acupressure. Results: After the procedure, HR (as an indicator of anxiety) was statistically significantly lower in group B than group A (p = 0.02). However, there was no significant difference between the groups regarding anxiety before and during the restorative procedure (VPTm and HR: p > 0.05). Conclusion: The children who received acupressure on documented points for the reduction of anxiety had a significantly lower HR after the restorative procedure. No significant between-group difference was found regarding anxiety measured using a psychometric evaluation (VPTm).

Enhancing glass ionomer cement features by using the calcium phosphate nanocomposite

Abstract This study showed the synthesis of Glass ionomer cements (GIC) modified with calcium phosphate nanoparticles (nCaP). The nCaP/GIC were submitted to mechanical compression and diametral tensile tests. The biocomposite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Cytotoxicity and cell viability tests were performed on the human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)2,5-diphenyl- tetrazolium-bromide assay and LIVE/DEAD assays. Statistically significant differences were observed for mechanical properties (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.001), nCaP/GIC showed higher resistance to compression and diametral traction. The SEM analyses revealed a uniform distribution nCaP in the ionomer matrix. The EDX and XRD results indicated that hydroxyapatite and calcium β-triphosphate phases. The FTIR spectra revealed the asymmetric band of ν3PO43- between 1100-1030cm-1 and the vibration band associated with ν1PO43- in 963cm-1 associated with nCaP. The nCaP/GIC presented response to adequate cell viability and non-cytotoxic behavior. Therefore, the new nCaP/GIC composite showed great mechanical properties, non-cytotoxic behavior, and adequate response to cell viability with promising dental applications.

Resumo Este estudo apresenta a síntese de cimentos de ionômero de vidro (GIC) modificados com nanopartículas de fosfato de cálcio (nCaP). Os nCaP / GIC foram submetidos a ensaios mecânicos de compressão e tração diametral. Os biocompósitos foram caracterizados por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), espectroscopia de energia dispersiva de raios-X (EDX), difração de raios-X (XRD) e espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR). Os testes de citotoxicidade e viabilidade celular foram realizados em células-tronco mesenquimais da medula óssea humana usando um ensaio de 3- (4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il) 2,5-difeniltetrazólio-brometo e ensaios LIVE / DEAD. Diferenças estatisticamente significativas foram observadas para as propriedades mecânicas (Kruskal-Wallis, p <0,001), nCaP / GIC apresentou maior resistência à compressão e tração diametral. As análises de SEM revelaram uma distribuição uniforme de nCaP na matriz do ionômero. Os resultados de EDX e DRX indicaram fases de hidroxiapatita e β-trifosfato de cálcio. Os espectros de FTIR revelaram a banda assimétrica de ν3PO4 3- entre 1100-1030cm-1 e a banda de vibração associada a ν1PO4 3- em 963cm-1 associada a nCaP. O nCaP / GIC apresentou resposta adequada à viabilidade celular e comportamento não citotóxico. Portanto, o novo compósito nCaP / GIC apresentou ótimas propriedades mecânicas, comportamento não citotóxico e resposta adequada à viabilidade celular com promissoras aplicações odontológicas.

Protocol with non-toxic chemicals to control biofilm in dental unit waterlines: physical, chemical, mechanical and biological perspective.

Biosafety in dentistry aims to combat cross-contamination and biofilm in dental unit waterlines. The aim was to investigate from a physical, chemical, mechanical and biological perspective, a protocol for using chemical products (citric acid, sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride) to improve and maintain water quality in dental unit waterlines. Change in microhardness and corrosion tendency were observed in stainless steel samples. On the polyurethane surfaces, there were changes in color, microhardness and roughness. Anti-biofilm evaluations revealed a significant reduction in the biofilm biomass, metabolic activity and residual biofilm. These findings suggest that the protocol analyzed in this study showed an innovative potential against biofilm in dental unit waterlines, preserving the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the materials.

Microtensile resistance of an adhesive system modified with chitosan nanoparticles.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether 2.5% chitosan applied after dentin acid etching or incorporated into the adhesive system interferes with the microtensile strength of the interface tooth-resin. Subjects and Methods: Sixty healthy bovine teeth had the incisal thirds and the roots sectioned and were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 60). G1 (control): acid attack + Clearfil SE Bond + Z350 resin; G2: treatment with 2.5% chitosan + Clearfil SE Bond + Z350 resin; G3: treatment with 2.5% chitosan incorporated into dentin adhesive + Z350 resin. The stick-shaped specimens made in each group were randomly divided into two subgroups and subjected to degradation of the adhesive interface (with aging: specimens immersed in 2.5% sodium hypochlorite for 12 h and washed in distilled water for 1 h, and without aging). The groups were submitted to a microtensile strength test with a 0.5 mm/min speed until rupture. Statistical analysis of the data was performed according to normal distribution. Results: Microtensile data were obtained by calculating the area of each toothpick, obtaining values in megapascal. No aging: G1 - 5251.69, G2 - 5.52 ± 1.46, and G3 - 3.91 ± 1.21. With aging: G1 - 3.45 ± 1.29, G2 - 2.75 ± 0.78, and G3 - 3.53 ± 1.33. Statistical analysis showed that the aging factor and adhesive modification decreased the bonding strength of the resin-dentin (P = 0.001). As well, the interaction between the analyzed factors showed statistically significant differences (P = 0.002). Conclusions: Accelerated aging decreases the adhesion strength in G1, even when chitosan is previously applied to the adhesive system. However, when adding chitosan to the adhesive, adhesion remained similar after aging but lower when compared to the other groups.

Enhancing glass ionomer cement features by using the calcium phosphate nanocomposite.

This study showed the synthesis of Glass ionomer cements (GIC) modified with calcium phosphate nanoparticles (nCaP). The nCaP/GIC were submitted to mechanical compression and diametral tensile tests. The biocomposite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Cytotoxicity and cell viability tests were performed on the human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)2,5-diphenyl- tetrazolium-bromide assay and LIVE/DEAD assays. Statistically significant differences were observed for mechanical properties (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.001), nCaP/GIC showed higher resistance to compression and diametral traction. The SEM analyses revealed a uniform distribution nCaP in the ionomer matrix. The EDX and XRD results indicated that hydroxyapatite and calcium ß-triphosphate phases. The FTIR spectra revealed the asymmetric band of ν3PO43- between 1100-1030cm-1 and the vibration band associated with ν1PO43- in 963cm-1 associated with nCaP. The nCaP/GIC presented response to adequate cell viability and non-cytotoxic behavior. Therefore, the new nCaP/GIC composite showed great mechanical properties, non-cytotoxic behavior, and adequate response to cell viability with promising dental applications.

Association between obesity and traumatic dental injuries in pre-school children-A case-control study.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Obese children are more prone to accidents due to poorer motor skills which increase the likelihood of falls and the occurrence of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). The aim of this study was to determine the association between overweight/obesity and TDI in pre-school children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The case group was formed by children with TDI identified during a clinical examination (n = 262). Each pre-school child identified as a case was matched by a peer of the same age, gender and pre-school but without TDI to form the control group (n = 262). TDI was evaluated using the criteria proposed by Andreasen. The weight and height of the children were measured for the calculation of the body mass index which was plotted on the growth curve established by the World Health Organization. Socio-demographic variables were collected through questionnaires sent to the parents/guardians. Data analysis involved the determination of frequency distribution, the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 253 children in each group. Among the children in the case group, 15.4% (n = 39) were overweight and 15.8% (n = 40) were obese. In the control group, 13.8% (n = 35) were overweight and 8.3% (n = 21) were obese. Children with trauma were more likely to be obese than children without trauma (OR = 2.05; 95%CI: 1.14 to 3.67; p = .016). In contrast, TDI was not associated with being overweight. A greater odds of TDI was also associated with an open bite (OR = 3.61; 95% CI: 1.64 to 7.96; p = .001) and accentuated overjet (OR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.37 to 3.50; p = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Pre-school children with a history of dental trauma were more likely to be obese than those without a history of dental trauma whereas being overweight was not associated with TDI.

Reabilitação Oral com Prótese Obturadora em Comunicação Buconasal após Ocorrência de Carcinoma de Células Escamosas: Relato de Caso / Oral Rehabilitation with Filling Prosthesis in Bucconasal Communication after the Occurrence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Case Report / Rehabilitación Oral con Prótesis Obturatriz en Comunicación Oral tras la Aparición de Carcinoma Epidermoide: Reporte de Caso

Introdução: O tratamento de neoplasia maligna pode consistir em ampla excisão cirúrgica. Em alguns casos, em razão do tratamento agressivo na remoção do tumor, há grande comprometimento das estruturas intrabucais. Assim, próteses são utilizadas para a obturação da cavidade maxilar, possibilitando a reconstrução da região afetada, juntamente com a reabilitação oral. Relato do caso: Paciente de 53 anos de idade, sexo feminino, ex-tabagista e ex-etilista, apresentou diagnóstico de carcinoma de células escamosas na região de palato mole, sendo necessária cirurgia de ressecção transoral associada à radioterapia. Após aproximadamente um ano, a paciente retornou com nova lesão em palato, que novamente evidenciou carcinoma de células escamosas, sendo necessária nova cirurgia de ressecção transoral. Após dois anos, a paciente retornou ao Departamento de Odontologia a fim de receber o tratamento reabilitador, pois a prótese parcial removível superior era provisória, não substituía todos os dentes ausentes e não obtinha adaptação adequada à comunicação buconasal. Foi realizado tratamento reabilitador definitivo com prótese parcial removível superior e com prótese total no rebordo residual inferior. Conclusão: A necessidade do acompanhamento odontológico nos casos de ocorrência de carcinoma de células escamosas oral bem como a importância do tratamento reabilitador e suas técnicas contribuem para a autoestima e a qualidade de vida do paciente

Introduction: The treatment of malignant neoplasm may consist in extensive surgical excision. In some cases, due to aggressive treatment in the removal of the tumor, intraoral structures are strongly compromised. Thus, prostheses are used to fill the maxillary cavity, allowing reconstruction of the affected region, together with oral rehabilitation. Case report: A 53-year-old female patient, ex-smoker and ex-alcoholic was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma in the soft palate region, requiring transoral resection surgery associated with radiotherapy. After approximately one year, the patient returned with a new palatal lesion, also diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma, requiring further transoral resection surgery. After two years, the patient returned to the Dentistry Department to receive the rehabilitative treatment, as she had only a temporary removable upper partial denture, where all the missing teeth were not replaced and there was poor adaptation to bucconasal communication. A final rehabilitative treatment was performed with upper partial removable denture and total prosthesis in the inferior residual ridge. Conclusion: The need for dental follow-up in cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma as well as the importance of rehabilitation treatment and its techniques contribute for the patient's self-esteem and quality of life

Introducción: El tratamiento de las neoplasias malignas puede consistir en una exéresis quirúrgica extensa. En algunos casos, debido a un tratamiento agresivo para extirpar el tumor, existe un gran compromiso de las estructuras intraorales. Así, las prótesis se utilizan para rellenar la cavidad maxilar, permitiendo la reconstrucción de la región afectada, junto con la rehabilitación oral. Relato del caso: Paciente femenina de 53 años, exfumadora y exalcohólica, que presentó el diagnóstico de carcinoma epidermoide en la región del paladar blando, que requirió cirugía de resección transoral asociada a radioterapia. Después de aproximadamente un año, la paciente regresó con una nueva lesión en el paladar, en la que también se le diagnosticó un carcinoma epidermoide, requiriendo una nueva cirugía de resección transoral. A los dos años, la paciente volvió al Departamento de Odontología para recibir tratamiento rehabilitador, ya que la prótesis parcial superior removible era temporal, no reponía todos los dientes faltantes y no obtenía una adecuada adaptación a la comunicación bucconasal. El tratamiento de rehabilitación definitivo se realizó con una dentadura postiza parcial removible superior y una dentadura total en el reborde residual inferior. Conclusión: La necesidad de seguimiento odontológico en los casos de carcinoma epidermoide oral así como la importancia del tratamiento rehabilitador y sus técnicas contribuyen a la autoestima y calidad de vida del paciente

Effect of Saliva/Blood Contamination on Enamel Bond Strength / Efeito da Contaminação de Saliva/Sangue na Força de União ao Esmalte

Abstract In the routine clinical situation, the contamination by blood and/or saliva in restorative procedures can be happen in non-cooperation of the patient in dental office. The aim of the study was to assess in vitro shear bond strength of a resin sealant associated with two types of adhesives contaminated with saliva and blood. Healthy human molars were used and the specimens and the crowns were sectioned in the bucco-lingual direction, thus obtaining two segments of similar proportions (mesial and distal), totaling 60 surfaces, and the surfaces were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 15). Group I (control) received no type of contamination and the sealant was applied. In group II, the surfaces were contaminated with 10 µl of saliva/blood and the sealant was applied. In group III, the surfaces were contaminated with 10 µl of saliva/blood and the Single Bond total-etch adhesive system was applied followed by application of sealant. In group IV, the surfaces were contaminated with 10 µl of saliva/blood and the Prime & Bond NT total-etch adhesive system was applied followed by the application of sealant. Samples were tested in the universal testing machine and the analysis of shear bond strength was performed. A difference between Group I (12.61MPa) and the other groups was found; Group II (2. 28MPa) was different than Groups III (7.07MPa) and IV (7.79MPa), but Groups III and IV were similar. The application of an adhesive system when there is contamination with saliva/blood is required prior to application of pit and fissure sealants. (AU)

Resumo Na situação clínica de rotina, a contaminação por sangue e/ou saliva em procedimentos restauradores pode ocorrer em pacientes que não colaboram no consultório odontológico. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a resistência ao cisalhamento in vitro de um selante de resina associado a dois tipos de adesivos contaminados com saliva e sangue. Foram utilizados molares humanos saudáveis e os espécimes e as coroas foram seccionados na direção bucal-lingual, obtendo assim dois segmentos de proporções semelhantes (mesial e distal), totalizando 60 superfícies, e as superfícies foram divididas aleatoriamente em 4 grupos (n = 15). O Grupo I (controle) não recebeu nenhum tipo de contaminação e o selante foi aplicado. No grupo II, as superfícies foram contaminadas com 10 µl de saliva / sangue e o selante foi aplicado. No grupo III, as superfícies foram contaminadas com 10 µl de saliva / sangue e o sistema adesivo Single-Bond foi aplicado seguindo a aplicação de selante. No grupo IV, as superfícies foram contaminadas com 10 µl de saliva / sangue e o sistema adesivo de ataque total Prime & Bond NT foi aplicado seguido da aplicação de vedante. As amostras foram testadas na máquina de ensaio universal e a análise da resistência à ligação ao cisalhamento foi realizada. Uma diferença entre o Grupo I (12,61MPa) e os outros grupos foi encontrada; O Grupo II (2,28 MPa) foi diferente dos Grupos III (7,07MPa) e IV (7,79 MPa), mas os Grupos III e IV foram semelhantes. A aplicação de um sistema adesivo quando existe contaminação com saliva / sangue é necessária antes da aplicação de selantes de fissura e fissura.

Analysis of Lip Print in University Students from Vale do Jequitinhonha / Análise da Impressão dos Lábios em Universitários do Vale do Jequitinhonha

Cheiloscopy is the analysis of the lip prints, grooves, thicknesses, angles, and other structures of the lips that differentiate each individual in a similar way to biometrics. This study aimed to observe these lips characteristics and to verify if there is a labial pattern among the students of the UFVJM Dentistry course of that distinguishes them in genders. Fifty students were selected, photographed, and had their samples collected by printing their lips on transparent tape with wine 01 lipstick, evenly distributed with the aid of a flexible rod and attached on white paperboard and later classified for obtaining the data required for statistical analysis. When analyzing lip thickness, it was found that most of the students had thick lips - 78%, whereas regarding the position of the labial commissure, 50% of the students presented horizontal disposition. Through the classification system of Suzuki and Tsuchihashi the types of furrows were classified, type II being the most common in this research. Despite the evidence that, among the volunteering students , female lips are thinner than male lips, there were no statistically significant differences between men and women. However, there is a need for more studies that seek to validate and disseminate this technique in a standardized way so that it is a complementary tool in Forensic Dentistry. (AU)

Queiloscopia é a análise das impressões labiais, sulcos, espessuras, ângulos e demais estruturas dos lábios, que diferenciam cada indivíduo de forma similar à biometria. Este estudo teve como objetivo observar as características labiais e verificar se existe um padrão labial entre os estudantes matriculados no curso de Odontologia da UFVJM que os distingue em gênero. Para isto, cinquenta alunos foram selecionados, fotografados e tiveram deus dados coletados por meio da impressão labial em fita adesiva transparente com batom vinho 01, distribuído uniformemente com o auxílio de uma haste flexível e anexada em cartolina branca e, posteriormente, classificadas para obtenção dos dados necessários à análise estatística. Ao analisar a espessura labial, constatou-se que a maioria dos estudantes possuíam lábios grossos - 78%, já em relação a posição da comissura labial 50% dos alunos apresentaram disposição horizontal. Através do sistema de classificação de Suzuki e Tsuchihashi foram classificados os tipos de sulcos, sendo o tipo II o mais comum entre os sujeitos da pesquisa. Apesar da comprovação de que, entre os estudantes voluntários, os lábios femininos possuem menor espessura que os masculinos, não existindo diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre homens e mulheres. Contudo, existe a necessidade de mais estudos que busquem validar e difundir esta técnica de forma padronizada para que seja uma ferramenta complementar na Odontologia Forense. (AU)

Shear bond strength of the adhesive/dentin interface after different etching protocols.

Background: Lack of bond stability between the composite resin and dentin remains one of the main reasons for having to replace esthetic restorations. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of chlorhexidine (CHX) on the bond strength of a total etching system to dentin tissue after degradation of the adhesive interface. Materials and Methods: One hundred and eighty fragments of human molars were divided into three groups (n = 15) according to the materials used during the acid-etching step: Group 1 (control), 37% phosphoric acid; Group 2, a combined solution of 37% phosphoric acid and 2% CHX; and Group 3, 37% phosphoric acid followed by 2% CHX. Following the restorative procedures, the groups were divided into four subgroups according to the number of thermal cycles (TC) and to the time of storage in water (SW), and then subjected to a shear strength test, until fracture: (A) 0 TC/24-h SW; (B) 500 TC/1-week SW; (C) 2,000 TC/1-month SW; and (D) 12,000 TC/6-month SW. Two-way analysis of variance and Duncan's complementary test were used to perform multiple comparisons. Results: After the 24-h and 1-week SW time periods, no statistically significant difference was found among the shear strength values of the control and the experimental groups: 5.48 ± 0.59 MPa, 5.44 ± 0.56 MPa, and 5.65 ± 0.94 MPa for G1, G2, and G3, respectively. However, the shear strength values decreased significantly in all the study groups after 1 month, namely 3.60 ± 0.41 MPa, 3.08 ± 0.65 MPa, and 3.49 ± 0.23 MPa for G1, G2, and G3, respectively. After 6 months, similar results were found for G1 and G3, namely 2.77 ± 0.58 MPa and 1.74 ± 0.52 MPa, respectively, whereas the 0.77 ± 0.26 MPa value found for G2 was significantly lower than those found for the G1 and G3 groups. No differences were found between the groups with respect to fracture-type frequencies. Conclusion: The use of CHX as an agent to rehydrate the dentin had a negative influence on bond strength.

Precisão na análise queiloscópica e seu potencial uso forense / Precision in lip prints analysis and potential forensic application

A análise da impressão labial, conhecida como queiloscopia, pode ser útil em casos específicos de investigação forense. Este trabalho experimental teve como objetivos principais investigar a precisão na análise dos tipos de sulcos labiais, da espessura labial e da localização da comissura labial e observar diferenças estatísticas entre a classificação labial e o sexo dos indivíduos. A amostra foi composta por 100 voluntários. Foi realizada a mensuração da espessura labial com paquímetro, análise visual da comissura labial e classificação dos sulcos labiais por meio de sua impressão, sendo testada a concordância intra- e inter-observador (três avaliadores) pela reavaliação de 30% da amostra. Os resultados mostraram que é possível realizar a classificação das análises labiais, sendo que o tipo de lábio mais frequente encontrado foi o tipo I (34,25%). Em relação à espessura, o tipo misto, e a comissura do tipo abaixada, foram as predominantes, com 66% e 59% respectivamente. Além disso, observou-se que não houve diferença estatística entre os indivíduos do sexo masculino e feminino nas classificações estudadas. Em relação à precisão ao fazer as classificações as técnicas utilizadas foram consideradas aplicáveis pelos pesquisadores, uma vez que a classificação foi possível e a concordância observada foi de forte a moderada, exceto em um dos quadrantes da classificação da impressão labial

Four-year clinical prospective follow-up of resin composite restoration after selective caries removal using Er:YAG laser.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to longitudinally evaluate, after a 4-year period, the clinical longevity of composite resin restoration compared to the baseline, after selective caries removal in permanent molars using Er:YAG laser or bur preparation with biomodification of dentin with the use of chlorhexidine. METHODS: Selective caries removal was performed on 80 teeth of 20 individuals who each had at least four active carious lesions. These lesions, located on occlusal surfaces of permanent molar counterparts, were removed using (i) Er:YAG laser biomodified with chlorhexidine, (ii) Er:YAG laser and application of deionized water, (iii) bur preparation biomodified with chlorhexidine, and (iv) bur preparation and application of deionized water. At the end of 4 years, 64 of the 80 restorations were evaluated in 16 individuals (n = 16). The restorations were evaluated, both clinically and photographically, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and pulp vitality analysis. The experimental data were statistically evaluated by kappa, Fisher's, and chi-square tests, with a significance level of 5%. The Kaplan-Meier test and the Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the survival of the restorations. RESULTS: After 4 years of follow-up, there was a statistically significant difference in marginal discoloration criteria for all of the groups evaluated. For marginal adaptation criteria, there was a statistically significant difference for the Er:YAG laser group biomodified with chlorhexine (p = 0.050). For clinical and radiographic evaluation of pulp vitality, there were no statistically significant differences among the groups (p = 0.806). CONCLUSION: Er:YAG laser can be used for selective caries removal, regardless of dentin biomodification with chlorhexidine or application of deionized water, once it produced promising results in composite resin restorations after 4 years of follow-up, according to the criteria evaluated. The selective caries removal using Er:YAG laser or bur and the biomodification of dentin with the use of chlorhexidine did not influence the survival of composite resin restorations after the 4-year follow-up period. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Composite resin restorations applied after selective caries removal using Er:YAG laser or burs, regardless of dentin biomodification with the use of chlorhexidine or application of deionized water, showed adequate clinical behavior after 4 years of follow-up.

RANKL is associated with persistent primary teeth and delayed permanent tooth emergence.

BACKGROUND: Tooth eruption is a process that is not fully understood. AIM: To evaluate whether genetic polymorphisms for RANK/RANKL/OPG are associated with delayed tooth emergence. To evaluate whether the relative expression of this genes is associated with persistent primary teeth. DESIGN: To evaluate whether genetic polymorphisms for RANK/RANKL/OPG could be involved in delayed tooth emergence, saliva samples from 160 children, aged 6-13 years old, were analysed. To test if there is correlation between gene expression of RANK/RANKL/OPG in children with delayed tooth emergence and persistent primary teeth, periapical tissue from 15 children with persistent primary teeth and from 15 control subjects were collected for qPCR analysis. RESULTS: Fifty-six children with delayed tooth emergence (35%) had at least one permanent tooth with delayed emergence. The T allele in RANKL (rs9594738) increased the risk of delayed tooth emergence (P = 0.02; OR = 1.71, 95%CI 1.09-2.75). The relative gene expression for RANKL and the ratio RANKL/OPG in children with delayed tooth emergence and persistent primary teeth were lower compared to controls (P = 0.02 and P = 0.005, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Data suggest that the polymorphism rs9594738 in RANKL is associated with delayed permanent tooth emergence. Moreover, reduced relative gene expression of RANKL in periapical tissue is associated with persistent primary teeth.

Passive ultrasonic irrigation in root canal: systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether there are differences between the root canal disinfection, comparing the passive ultrasonic irrigation technique with the conventional technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The following electronic databases were searched: Pubmed; VHL; Web of Sciences and OVID with no publication date restriction. The study's quality evaluation was carried out using the Handbook by Cochrane. The online research identified 5464 studies. From the nine studies selected for a full reading of the text, five were included in the present systematic review. Meta-analysis was performed in three articles, which evaluated the root canal's cleanness through microbiological analysis. RESULTS: Only one article concluded that the ultrasonic passive irrigation showed a better performance compared with the conventional irrigation. None of the articles analyzed presented a low risk of bias in all domains. According to the results of the meta-analysis, there was no statistical difference between the groups (OR = 0.34, IC 95%: 0.10-1.19). CONCLUSIONS: The level of evidence comparing the two techniques is fragile since in all studies some type of bias was observed which may interfere in the results and conclusions.

Associação do uso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas, sexo e condição socioeconômica entre adolescentes de 12 anos de idade / Association between use of licit and illicit drugs, sex, and socioeconomic status among 12-year-old adolescents

Resumo Introdução O uso de drogas entre adolescentes está aumentando, e o hábito vem se enraizando cada vez mais precocemente. Objetivo Investigar a associação do uso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas, sexo e condição socioeconômica entre adolescentes de 12 anos. Método Estudo transversal foi realizado em amostra representativa de adolescentes matriculados em escolas públicas e privadas da área urbana de Diamantina, Minas Gerais. Dados foram coletados por meio de questionários autoaplicados. O consumo de drogas foi investigado utilizando o instrumento ASSIST (Teste para Triagem do Envolvimento com Álcool, Cigarro e Outras Substâncias). Para investigar a condição socioeconômica, foram utilizados os indicadores: tipo de escola, renda familiar e escolaridade materna. As associações foram testadas pelos testes do Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Exato de Fisher (p < 0,05). Resultados A prevalência do consumo de álcool foi de 45,6% (260/588); uso de maconha, de 1,5% (9/588); de cocaína, 0,3% (2/588); e de inalantes, 1,7% (10/588). Sexo masculino esteve associado estatisticamente com consumo de maconha (p = 0,018) e de álcool (p = 0,012), mas não com uso de inalantes (p = 0,536). Na amostra estudada, não foi observada associação estatisticamente significativa entre o consumo de drogas ilícitas e os indicadores socioeconômicos. O consumo de álcool esteve associado ao uso de maconha p = 0,013 [OR:9,814 (1,220-78,984)]. Conclusão O consumo de álcool e o uso de maconha estiveram estatisticamente associados com o sexo masculino, mas não com os indicadores socioeconômicos.

Abstract Background Drug use among adolescents is on the rise, and the habit has been taking root at an increasingly early age. Objective Investigate the correlation between use of licit and illicit drugs, sex, and socioeconomic conditions among 12-year-old adolescents. Method Cross sectional study conducted with a representative sample of adolescents enrolled in public and private schools in the urban area of ​​ Diamantina, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires. Consumption of drugs was investigated using the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) instrument. School type, family income, and maternal education were used to investigate socioeconomic condition. Associations were tested using the Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests (p < 0.05). Results The following drug consumption prevalence values were found: alcohol, 45.6% (260/588); marijuana, 1.5% (9/588), cocaine, 0.3% (2/588); inhalants, 1.7% (10/588). The male gender was statistically associated with consumption of marijuana (p = 0.018) and alcohol (p = 0.012), but not with use of inhalants (p = 0.536). No statistically significant correlation was observed between consumption of licit and illicit drugs and the socioeconomic indicators adopted. Alcohol consumption was associated with use of marijuana (p = 0.013) [OR:9.814 (1.220 to 78.984)]. Conclusion Alcohol consumption and use of marijuana were statistically associated with the male gender, but not with socioeconomic indicators.